一文详解Redux Hooks的使用细节

本篇文章带大家聊聊Redux Hooks的使用细节，希望对大家有所帮助！

Redux Hooks

Redux中Hooks介绍

在之前的redux开发中，为了让组件和redux结合起来，我们使用了react-redux库中的connect：

在Redux7.1开始，提供了Hook的方式，在函数组件中再也不需要编写connect以及对应的映射函数了

useSelector的作用是将state映射到组件中:

useSelector默认会比较我们返回的两个对象是否相等;

useDispatch非常简单，就是调用useDispatch这个Hook, 就可以直接获取到dispatch函数，之后在组件中直接使用即可;

const dispatch = useDispatch()

我们还可以通过useStore来获取当前的store对象(了解即可, 不建议直接操作store对象);

Redux中Hooks使用

我们来使用Redux的Hooks在App组件实现一个计数器, 在App的子组件中实现一个修改message的案例:

// store/modules/counter.js

import { createSlice } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: "counter",
  initialState: {
    counter: 10,
    message: "Hello World"
  },
  reducers: {
    changeNumberAction(state, { payload }) {
      state.counter = state.counter + payload
    },
    changeMessageAction(state,  {payload }) {
      state.message = payload
    }
  }
})

export const { changeNumberAction, changeMessageAction } = counterSlice.actions

export default counterSlice.reducer

// store/index.js

import { configureStore } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";
import counterSlice from "./modules/counter"

const store = configureStore({
  reducer: {
    counter: counterSlice
  }
})

export default store

import React from "react"
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client"
import { Provider } from "react-redux"
import App from "./12_Redux中的Hooks/App"
import store from "./12_Redux中的Hooks/store"

const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.querySelector("#root"))

root.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    <App/>
  </Provider>
)

import React, { memo } from 'react'
import { useDispatch, useSelector } from 'react-redux'
import { changeMessageAction, changeNumberAction } from './store/modules/counter'

// 子组件Home
const Home = memo(() => {
  console.log("Home组件重新渲染")
  
  // 通过useSelector获取到store中的数据
  const { message } = useSelector((state) => ({
    message: state.counter.message
  }))

  // useDispatch获取到dispatch函数
  const dispatch = useDispatch()
  function changeMessage() {
    dispatch(changeMessageAction("Hello ChenYq"))
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>{message}</h2>
      <button onClick={changeMessage}>修改message</button>
    </div>
  )
})


// 根组件App
const App = memo(() => {
  console.log("App组件重新渲染")
  
  // 通过useSelector获取到store中的数据
  const { counter } = useSelector((state) => ({
    counter: state.counter.counter
  }))

  // useDispatch获取到dispatch函数
  const dispatch = useDispatch()
  function changeNumber(num) {
    dispatch(changeNumberAction(num))
  }
  
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>当前计数: {counter}</h2>
      <button onClick={() => changeNumber(1)}>+1</button>
      <button onClick={() => changeNumber(-1)}>-1</button>

      <Home/>
    </div>
  )
})

export default App

现在我们已经在组件中使用并且修改了了store中的数据, 但是现在还有一个小问题(性能优化)

import React, { memo } from 'react'
import { useDispatch, useSelector, shallowEqual } from 'react-redux'
import { changeMessageAction, changeNumberAction } from './store/modules/counter'

// 子组件Home
const Home = memo(() => {
  console.log("Home组件重新渲染")

  const { message } = useSelector((state) => ({
    message: state.counter.message
  }), shallowEqual)

  const dispatch = useDispatch()
  function changeMessage() {
    dispatch(changeMessageAction("Hello ChenYq"))
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>{message}</h2>
      <button onClick={changeMessage}>修改message</button>
    </div>
  )
})


// 根组件App
const App = memo(() => {
  console.log("App组件重新渲染")

  // 通过useSelector获取到store中的数据
  const { counter } = useSelector((state) => ({
    counter: state.counter.counter
  }), shallowEqual)

  // useDispatch获取到dispatch函数
  const dispatch = useDispatch()
  function changeNumber(num) {
    dispatch(changeNumberAction(num))
  }
  
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>当前计数: {counter}</h2>
      <button onClick={() => changeNumber(1)}>+1</button>
      <button onClick={() => changeNumber(-1)}>-1</button>

      <Home/>
    </div>
  )
})

export default App

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